Coffee under pressure
Espresso is made when hot water is forced through finely ground coffee at a pressure of about 9 bar. Extraction takes about 25 to 30 seconds. The older steam principle produced water that was too hot and coffee that was bitter. Gaggia's spring-driven piston brought higher pressure and a thick foam on top.
Coffee machines at home
- The moka pot for the stove is an Italian classic, but it does not make real espresso because the pressure is low.
- Lever and portafilter machines are for enthusiasts who like to fine-tune their grind.
- Bean-to-cup machines grind and brew everything themselves.
- Capsules are convenient, but more expensive, and they create waste.
Even the coffee machine is a computer now
Modern bean-to-cup machines have a processor, a display, a mobile app and firmware updates. They can also be connected to a smart home, so your coffee can be ready and waiting in the morning.